The Energy Sector in Ghana contributes significantly to the economy. The sector can be classified into two main sub-sectors as follows:
- Petroleum Sub-sector
- Power Sub-Sector
Ghana’s petroleum sector involves upstream and downstream activities. The upstream activities include the production, procurement and refining of crude oil and the downstream activities include production, distribution and marketing of petroleum products and premixing of petroleum products for industrial uses including fishing.
Distribution of petroleum products in Ghana is dominated by multinational oil marketing companies. Following the deregulation policy of the government, the oil marketing companies have increased in numbers to include several local Ghanaian companies. The products are retailed through gas stations which are either owned by the Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) or private individuals. There are one hundred and thirty-three (133) oil marketing companies in Ghana. The private sector, including the OMCs and other sources of supply for finished products through an open competitive tendering system.
The power sub-sector involves the generation, transmission and distribution of electrical energy for industrial, commercial and domestic use in Ghana.
The Power System of Ghana is run by three utility companies; the Volta River Authority (VRA), Ghana Grid Company Limited (GRIDCO) and the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG).
Electricity is the dominant modern energy form used in the industrial and service sectors accounting for 69% of modern energy used in the two sectors of the national economy. The Ghana electricity supply industry is unbundled with separate jurisdictions and entities regarding activities of electricity generation, transmission and distribution.
Electricity generation is undertaken by the state-owned Volta River Authority (VRA), which operates the Akosombo Hydro Power Station, Kpong Hydro Power Station and Takoradi Thermal Power Plant (TAPCO) at Aboadze. VRA is also a minority joint partner with TAQA, a private sector company which owns and operates the Takoradi International Power Company (TIPCO) thermal power plant also located at Aboadze. Bui Power Authority (BPA), another state-owned entity is charged with the implementation of the Bui Hydro Electric Power Project. In addition, independent power producers have been licensed to build, own and operate power plants.
The Energy sector of the Association of Ghana Industries (AGI) is poised to continue its support to sector members to fully realize the potential of this sector.